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Effect of summer sowing date on growth and seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) genotypes in north Khuzestan conditions
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Seyed Ahmad Kalantar Ahmadi   |
| Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Safiabad, Dezful Iran |
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Abstract: (876 Views) |
Introduction: Climate change due to global warming is a worldwide concern and is expected that high temperature and its negative effects on agricultural crops will increase in coming years. Soybean is one of the most important oil seed crops that also provides protein around the world. To optimize production of soybean in each region, it is necessary to use adapted improved cultivars and growing season duration for growth and development of the crop. Temperature is one of the environmental factors that affects the phonological stages and seed yield of soybean.
Material and Methods: To evaluate the effect of sowing date and genotype on seed yield of soybean genotypes a field experiment was carried out as split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Dezful in Iran in 2017 and 18 growing seasons. The main plots were consisted of three sowing date (22nd June, 6th July and 21st July) and eight soybean genotypes; SF1, SF2, SF3, SK93, M13, SG4, SG5 and Salend, were randomized in sub-plots.
Results: Combined analyisis of variance showed that the flowering duration, growth duration and grain filling duration were affected by sowing date and genotype. Maximum temperature on the first sowing date (22nd June) was higher than the second (6th July) and third (21st July) sowing dates during reproductive stages and seed filling periods. The pod number plant-1 decreased by 3.37 pods with one degree centigrade increase in temperatures above 35 ˚C. Mean comparison of sowing date × genotype interaction revealed that the highest number of pod.plant-1 (88 pods) related to the second sowing date (6th July) and SK93 and M13 genotypes. The lowest number of pod.plant-1 (26.5 pods) belonged to the first sowing date (22nd June) and SF2 genotype. In 2017, the highest seed yield (3473 kg.ha-1) obtained from the second sowing date (6th July) and SK93 genotype. However, the maximum seed yield (3559 kg.ha-1) belonged to the third sowing date (21st July) and SK93 genotype. The lowest seed yield related to the first sowing date (22nd June) and SF2 genotype with 968 kg.ha-1 and 2080 kg.ha-1 in the first and second year, respectively. Seed yield in the first sowing date (22nd June) and second sowing date (6th July) decreased by 16.5% and 8%, respectively, compared to the third sowing date (21st July). The highest (25.6%) and the lowest (18.7%) seed oil content belonged to the third sowing date (21st July) and SK93 and SF3 genotypes, respectively.
Conclusion: The high temperature is a serious limiting factor for summer grown soybean in the nort Khuzestan. Selection of indeterminate soybean genotypes, due to the longer flowering duration, can be an appropriate crop management strategy to reduce the negative effects of high temperature during the flowering period, and consequently achieve higher number of pod.plant-1 and seed yield in the north Khuzestan environmental conditions. The results of this experiment and high temperatures during reproductive stages of soybean in different sowing dates, the sowing date window of 6th July until 21st July and SK93 genotype was identified as a suitable crop management strategy for the North Khuzestan.
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| Keywords: Flowering, Number of pod.plant-1, Seed filling duration, Seed oil content and Soybean |
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Full-Text [PDF 843 kb]
(210 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/01/3 | Accepted: 2024/04/19 | Published: 2024/07/31
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