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Effect of sowing date and irrigation intervals on morphological traits and seed yield of new indehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars
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Mehdei Attar Roshan   , Afrasyab Rahnama , Moosa Meskarbashee , Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh , Matthew Tom Harrison |
| Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran & Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran |
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Abstract: (198 Views) |
Introduction: Sesame is one of the oldest oilseed crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Sesame production is constrained by susceptibility to capsule shattering and excessive pre- and post-harvest seed loss. Recently, new indehiscent sesame cultivars have been developed and introduced with the characteristics of indehiscent capsules at the ripening stage and resistance to capsule and seed shattering (Langham, 2001). More research is required to convince the local farming communities to adopt and grow these new indehiscent sesame cultivars and benfit from their promising productivity. Sesame cultivars vary in their adaptability to different growing conditions. This experiment was conducted to to determine optimum sowing date window and irrigation interval for new indehiscent sesame cultivars.
Materials and Methods: To study the effects of sowing dates and irrigation intevals on morphological traits and seed yield of new indehiscent sesame cultivars, a field experiment was carried out as strip-split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications in Shahid Rajaei Agro-Industrial Company in Dezful, Iran, in 2021 and 2022. First main factor consisted of three sowing dates (June 5, June 20 and July 5) and second main factor included were three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 8, 13 and 18 days). Sub plots consisted of three indehiscent (Chamran, Mohajer, Barkat) and one dehiscent (Schewin) sesame cultivars.
Results: The results showed that morphological traits and seed yield significantly decreased in both years by increasing irrigation intervals. Irrigation intervals caused significant decrease in seed yield in both years. In 2021, the seed yield of all cultivars significantly decreased under irrigation after 13 and 18 days by 12% and 34%, respectively, when compared with irrigation after 8 days. Delayed sowing dates caused significant decrease in seed yield. In 2022, the seed yield of all cultivars significantly decreased in delayed sowing dates June 20 and July 5 by 16% and 9%, respectively, when compared to June 5. In 2021, cv. Barkat had the highest seed and oil yield (1730 and 821 kg.ha-1, respectively) in irrigation after 8 days, and June 5 sowing date. In 2022, cv. Barkat had the highest seed and oil yield (1400 and 694 kg.ha-1, respectively) in irrigation after 8 days, and June 20 sowing date. Indehiscent cv. Barkat and cv. Mohajer had the lowest seed and oil yield reduction and showed greater seed yield stability under longer irrigation intevals conditions and delayed sowing date, when compared with cv. Schwin. In addition, these two cultivars can adapt to environmental changes through minimizing the seed yield losses due to seed-shattering resistance under different irrigation intervals and sowing dates.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this experiment showed that sowing dates from June 5 to June 20 as the optimal sowing date window and irrigation intervals between 8 to 13 days can be recommended as a suitable crop management package to improve sustainable sesame production in warm and dry agro-climatic conditions of kuzestan province, Iran. In addition, high seed and oil yield in indehiscent cv. Barkat and cv. Mohajer facilitate mechanization of growing and harvesting of sesame as a summer crop. This is very important for food security as well as reducing water consumption by replacing it with other summer crops with higher water consumption, especially in Khuzestan conditions.
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| Keywords: Irrigation, Seed oil content, Seed yield, Seed shattering resistance and Sesame |
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Full-Text [PDF 1047 kb]
(79 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/04/8 | Accepted: 2024/07/20 | Published: 2024/12/30
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