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Effect of drought stress on physiological traits, grain yield and root morphological traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) promising lines and cultivars
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Rana Ezzati   , Mahmood Toorchi , Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed , Mozaffar Roustai |
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Abstract: (16 Views) |
Introduction: Drought stress is a major limiting factor and the most important threat to bread wheat productivity, particularly in the semi-arid and arid regions. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an ancient and widely cultivated cereal crop. Bread wheat one of the most staple crops and plays a crucial role in ensuring to food and nutritional security worldwide.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out in agricultural research station, University of Tabriz, located in Karkaj, 12 kilometers east of Tabriz, Iran in 2021. Plant materials included 25 promising lines and cultivars of bread wheat, which were evaluated under full irrigation (30 mm evaporation) and drought stress (100 mm evaporation) from the class A pan treatments. The experimental desing was split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with five replications. Physiological, and root morphological traits such as canopy temperature, relarive water content, SPAD, biomass, plant height, peduncle length, number of spike plant-1, 1000 grain weight, number of grain.spike-1, number of fertile tiller.plant-1, grain yield, root dry weight, root fresh weight and root length were measured and recorded.
Results: Analysis of variance showed that there was significant differences among the evaluated bread wheat promising lines and cultivars for all measured traits and indices at the 5% and 1% probability levels. There was also significant differences between irrigation treatments indicating the effect of drought stress on all measured traits. The irrigation × cultivar interaction effect was significant for all traits expect spike number plant-1 and number of fertile tiller.plant-1. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that under drought stress conditions, 1000 grain weight, number of fertile tiller.plant-1, number of grain.spike-1, and root dry weight had significant effect on grain yield and explained their significant contribution of observed variation in grain yield. Using factor analysis under drought stress conditions, fourteen variables were defined in five factors, which explained a total of 83.4% of the observed variations. Results showed that 1000 grain weight, grain yield, grain number.spike-1, SPAD, and peduncle length may be considered as selection criteria to improve grain yield in bread wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions.
Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that bread wheat promising lines and cultivars under drought stress conditions, responded by decreasing or increasing the values of traits and indices. The sum of these responses prevents the reduction of grain yield. The results of cluster analysis of morphological, physiological and root traits of 25 bread wheat promising lines and cultivars in irrigation treatments showed that cv. Owhadi, cv. Homa, cv. Azar2, cv. Takab, cv. Rasad, cv. Baran, cv. Hashtrood, cv. Varan, cv. Saeen, cv. Parav, cv. Sardari, Dari12 promising line, Dari16 promising, cv. Kamal, cv. Rahmat, cv. Mehr, cv. Sadra and cv. Ivan had higher values of all morphological, physiological and root traits, with mean of canopy temperature (26.9 ˚C), SPAD (66.9), biomass (12.7 g), spike number plant-1 (2.1), 1000 grain weight (36.0 g), grain number.spike-1 (29.5), number of fertile tiller.plant-1 (2.9), grain yield (2.5 g.plant-1), root freash weight (8.1 g), root dry weight (2.6 g) and root length (72.1 cm). The results of the correlation coefficients confirmed the results of factor analysis. Results showed that cv. Homa and cv. Takab were the superior respectively in regard to grain yield |
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| Keywords: Bread wheat, Cluster analysis, Discriminant analysis, Factor analysis and Relative water content of leaf |
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Full-Text [PDF 947 kb]
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/02/25 | Accepted: 2025/08/28 | Published: 2025/10/27
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Ezzati R, Toorchi M, Moghaddam Vahed M, Roustai M. Effect of drought stress on physiological traits, grain yield and root morphological traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) promising lines and cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 2025; 27 (1) :57-75 URL: http://agrobreedjournal.ir/article-1-1408-en.html
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