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Effect of plant density and herbicide application on weed control of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) at Siahkal county in Iran
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Mahmanzar Nakheei   , Elmira Mohammadvand , Jafar Asghari , Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ehteshami |
| University of Guilan |
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Abstract: (15 Views) |
Introduction: There is severe weed infestation in lentils due to its weak competitive ability, and weed control is essential in the lentile crop. Mechanical control and herbicide application are existing methods for weed control in lentil production. Planting density as one of the factors determining the growth, yield and quality of lentil, can also be considered as an effective tool to suppress weeds growth and infestation. Therefore, this experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating existing herbicides and optimizing weeds control in lentil crop production.
Materials and Mthods: This experiment was carried out as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications at Deylaman district of Siahkal county, Guilan province, Iran in 2020 growing season. Treatments included lentil plant density of 133 and 200 plants per square meter and the weed control package consisted of two hand weeding (control), one hand weeding, trifluralin+ imazethapyr, trifluralin+ hand weeding, pendimethalin+ imazethapyr, pendimethalin+ hand weeding, imazethapyr, and weed-infested control.
Results: The predominant weed species in the lentil crop consisted of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), and Iranian knapweed (Centaurea depressa M. Bieb.). Results showed that as the lentil plant density increased from 133 to 200 per square meter, weed density and dry weight decreased. The highest weed control efficiency was related to the twice hand weeding (90-98%) followed by trifluralin+imazethapyr (81-86 %), hand weeding + trifluralin (71-79%) and imazethapyr (77-82%). The plant height and number of branches (23.6 cm and 5.2 branches) were recorded at plant density of 200 plant per square meter, which was 17 and 4 percent higher than plant density of 133 plant per square meter (17.6 cm and 4.8). The highest plant height was observed in weed infested conditions (23.6 cm), followed by twice and once hand weeding. The difference between the other treatments was not significant, and with an average of 18.3 cm, it showed a decrease of 11.3%.
The highest branch number per plant was also recorded in the treatments of twice hand weeding, trifluralin+imazethapyr/hand weeding, imazethapyr (5.2 branches per plant). The highest biological yield of lentils was achieved in plant density of 200 plant per square meter with twice hand weeding (4031.3 kg.ha-1), and the highest seed yield of lentil was obtained in plant density of 200 plants per square meter with twice hand weeding or applying trifluralin+imazethapyr (2026.0 kg.ha-1). The lowest biological yield (891.0 kg.ha-1) and seed yield (224.2 kg.ha-1) of lentils were observed in plant density of 133 plants per square meter of weed-infested, pendimethalin + hand weeding, and once hand weeding treatments. Weeds full-season competition in plant density of 200 and 133 of lentil per square meter increased the plant height by 13 and 16 percent, while reduced the number of branches per plant by 25 and 28 percent, biological yield by 74 and 87 percent, and grain yield by 72 and 87 percent, respectively, compared to twice hand weeding.
Conclusion: The results of this experiment indicated the advantage of plant density of 200 over 133 plants per square meter. Furthermore, considering the significant reduction in lentil seed yield due to weeds competition, application of complete package for weeds control is essential. Therefore, integration of pre-emergence herbicides with post-emergence herbicides or mechanical methods to control a wider range of weeds during the lentil growing season is necessary in order to achieve the high seed yield of lentil crop. |
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| Keywords: Integrated weed management, Lentil, Pre-emergence herbicide, Post emergence herbicide and Seed yield |
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Full-Text [PDF 1011 kb]
(5 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/02/16 | Accepted: 2025/08/22 | Published: 2025/10/27
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