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Analysis of genetic variation for pre-harvest sprouting and its relationship with seed dormancy and seedling growth indices in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
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Kosar Haghpanah   , Mohammadhadi Pahlevani , Khalil Zaynali Nezhad , Farshid Ghaderi Far , Reza Tavakol Afshari , Mohammadmehdi Arab |
| Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran & Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran |
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Abstract: (58 Views) |
Introduction: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) refers to the germination of ripening seeds on the spike, before harvest. This disorder primarily occurs in cereals particularly in wheat and caused by rainfall before harvest particularly in spring wheat growing areas. The occurrence of PHS significantly reduces grain yield and baking quality properties of bread wheat (Brown et al., 2018). Research efforts for management and reduction crop losses due to occurrence of PHS are essential to ensure global food supply and security as well as the sustainability of bread wheat production systems.
Materials and Methods: This experiment aimed to investigate the genetic variation for PHS and its relationship with seed dormancy and seedling growth-related indices in 189 wheat genotypes under both field and laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted in Gorgan University, Iran over two cropping seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) using an augmented design for field trial and complete block design for laboratory tests. The wheat genotypes were grown under controlled conditions, and indices such as PHS, germination rate, germination rate, and seed vigor were assessed. The measured traits included; fresh and after ripened seed germination, seed dormancy, seedling length and dry weight, and seed vigor.
Results: Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among wheat genotypes for the studied traits. Genotypes 603, 605, 349, 320, and 636 (mainly with Iraq origin) were identified as PHS-resistant, respectively. In contrast, genotypes 350, 150, 258, 339, and 542 were classified as PHS-susceptible, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two components accounted for 59% of the total variation. Key contributing traits included; freshly harvested seed germination percentage and rate, after-ripened seed germination percentage and rate, and seedling length. Significant positive and negative correlation cofficients were observed among traits. PHS showed positive correlation with FGP, FGR, and seed vigor, while it was negatively correlated with seed dormancy and germination percentage and rate of freshly harvested seeds.
Conclusion: Genetic variation in bread wheat germplasm plays a crucial role in improving resistance to PHS. Understanding the relationships between PHS and other seed related traits enables breeders and agronomists to select genotypes with resistance to PHS and desirable agronomic performance. This approach can contribute to increasing grain yield potential and improving grain quality in bread wheat breeding programs.
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| Keywords: Bread wheat, Germination rate, Principal component analysis and Seedling dry weight |
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Full-Text [PDF 904 kb]
(28 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/12/30 | Accepted: 2025/05/19 | Published: 2025/07/1
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