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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application and plant density on morphological traits and seed and oil yield of new non-shattering sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars in north of Khuzestan province
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Peyman Hassibi   , Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh , Ali Monsefi |
| Associate Prof., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran |
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Abstract: (258 Views) |
Introduction: Despite the long history of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivation in Iran, the problem of seed shattering during ripening stage and lack of mechanized harvesting is the biggest problem for the development of sesame cultivation in modern agriculture of Iran and other parts of the world (Kadkhodaie et al., 2014). New indehiscent sesame commercial cultivars have made it possible to mechanized harvest of sesame and develop the cultivation of this valuable crop. In this regard, due to the need for optimal use of nitrogen in the cultivation of indehiscent sesame cultivars (Patel et al., 2014) as well as the lack of sufficient information about the appropriate density of the crop and a detailed investigation of on nitrogen and plant density effect s on some morphological traits and seed yield of new indehiscent sesame cultivars, this experiment was carried out.
Materials and Methods: To study the effect of nitrogen and plant density on some morphological traits and seed yield of indehiscent sesame cultivars, a field experiment was carried out as strip-split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with four replications in Shahid Rajaee Agro-Industrial Company in Dezful, Iran, in 2021 and 2022. Experimental factors included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (46, 69 and 92 kg ha-1 in the first year and 69, 92 and 115 kg ha-1 in the second year, from urea fertilizer source), plant density at three levels (25, 50 and 75 plants.m-2) and four sesame cultivars (Mohajer, Chamran and Barkat as new indehiscent sesame commercial cultivars and local dehiscent cultivar of Dezful as control). For local control cultivar, due to the dehiscent capsules, the green harvest was done before harvest ripening, and in the indehiscent cultivars, the harvest was done at the stage of harvest ripening.
Results: The results showed that the studied treatments affected the morphological characteristics and seed yield of the sesame cultivars in both years. In the first year, the application of 69 and 92 kg of nitrogen levels led to 28% and 41% increase in seed yield, respectively. In the second year, the increase in application of nitrogen fertilizer from 69 to 92 and 115 kg increased the seed yield by 15% and 29%, respectively. Among the plant density levels, the 50 plants.m-2 compared to the 25 and 75 plants.m-2, in the first year, increased seed yield by 38% and 12%, respectively, and in the second year by 24% and 11%, respectively. The highest seed oil content was achieved at density of 25 plants.m-2. Mohajer cultivar had the highest seed yield with an average of 924 kg.ha-1 followed by the cv. local Dezful (897 kg.ha-1), cv. Barkat (852 kg.ha-1) and cv. Chamran (643 kg.ha-1). In the second year, the highest seed yield was related to cv. Mohajer (1953 kg.ha-1) followed by cv. Barkat (1828 kg.ha-1), cv. Chamran (1700 kg.ha-1), and cv. local Dezful (1102 kg.ha-1). The highest oil content (46.45%) was observed in cv. Mohajer, and generally the oil content of the non-shatternig sesame cultivars was significantly higher than the control cultivar.
Conclusion: In general, the sesame cultivars demonstrated a favorable relative response to increased nitrogen levels that significantly increased seed yield and oil yield. Split application of 69 to 92 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer at three stages (base, 8-leaf stage and at the beginning of flowering) produced the highest oil yield in indehisent sesame cultivars. In addition, the optimal density for maximum seed yield was 50 plant.m-2. The new indehiscent sesame commercial cultivars, especially cv. Mohajer and cv. Barkat had high seed yield and oil yield. These two cultivars are suitable for being considered in summer cropping pattern of regions with similar climatic conditions of Dezful in the north of Khuzestan province, Iran.
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| Keywords: Sesame, Number of capsules, Oil conten, Oil yield and 1000 Seed weight |
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Full-Text [PDF 622 kb]
(93 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/07/4 | Accepted: 2024/11/28 | Published: 2024/11/30
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