1. Ashrafi, A., Banayan.Aval, M. & Rashed.Mohasel, M. H. 2004. Spatial dynamics of weed populations in a corn field using geostatistics. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 1(2): 139-154. (In Persian with English abstract).

2. Bagheri, A., Rashed Mohasel, M. H. & Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2014. Crop Rotation Effect on Spatial Dynamic of Fumaria vaillantti and Polygonum aviculare. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12(2): 178-188. (In Persian).

3. Bagheri, A., Rashed Mohassel, M. H., Rezvani Moghadam, P. & Naziri Mahalati, M. 2010. Evaluation of Spatial Distribution and Weed Dynamics in a Wheat Farm. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8(4): 646-657. (In Persian).

4. Brim-DeForest, W. B., Al-Khatib, K. & Fischer, A. J. 2017. Predicting Yield Losses in Rice Mixed-Weed Species Infestations in California. Weed Science. 65(1): 61-72. [DOI:10.1614/WS-D-16-00079.1]

5. Cardina, J., Sparrow, D. H. & McCoy, E. L. 1995. Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in No-Till Soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science. 43(2): 258-268. [DOI:10.1017/S0043174500081157]

6. Cierjacks, A., Pommeranz, M., Schulz, K. & Almeida-Cortez, J. 2016. Is crop yield related to weed species diversity and biomass in coconut and banana fields of northeastern Brazil? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 220: 175-183. [DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.006]

7. Cook, S. E. & Bramley, R. G. V. 2000. Coping with variability in agricultural production ‐implications for soil testing and fertiliser management. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 31(11-14): 1531-1551. [DOI:10.1080/00103620009370524]

8. Cressman, S. T., Page, E. R. & Swanton, C. J. 2011. Weeds and the Red to Far-Red Ratio of Reflected Light: Characterizing the Influence of Herbicide Selection, Dose, and Weed Species. Weed Science. 59(3): 424-430. [DOI:10.1614/WS-D-10-00166.1]

9. Erman, M., Tepe, I., Bukun, B., Yergin, R. & Taskesen, M. 2008. Critical period of weed control in winter lentil under non-irrigated conditions in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 3(8): 523-530.

10. Esfandiari, H. & Hashemi Jozi , S. H. 2005. Evaluation of herbicide effects on weed control of bean in different densities. In Procceding puluse. plant Scientific Research instituteMashhad, Ferdowsi University. p. 1-4.

11. Frenda, A. S., Ruisi, P., Saia, S., Frangipane, B., Di Miceli, G., Amato, G. & Giambalvo, D. 2013. The Critical Period of Weed Control in Faba Bean and Chickpea in Mediterranean Areas. Weed Science. 61(3): 452-459. [DOI:10.1614/WS-D-12-00137.1]

12. Gerhards, R., Dicke, D. & Oebel, H. 2005. Testing and analysing decision rules for site-specific weed control in malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using a geographic information system Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. 112(5): 447-456.

13. Giambalvo, D., Ruisi, P., Di Miceli, G., Frenda, A. S. & Amato, G. 2010. Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Fertilizer Recovery of Durum Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Interspecific Competition. Agronomy Journal. 102: 707-715. [DOI:10.2134/agronj2009.0380]

14. Heisel, T., Ersbøll, A. K. & Andreasen, C. 1999. Weed Mapping with Co-Kriging Using Soil Properties. Precision Agriculture. 1(1): 39-52. [DOI:10.1023/A:1009921718225]

15. Heshmatnia, M. & Armin, M. 2016. Effect of weed interference on yield and yield components of Iranian chickpea in two different cropping systems. Journal of Crop Production. 9(1): 25-47 .(In Persian with English abstract).

16. Irmak, A., Jones, J. W., Batchelor, W. D. & Paz, J. O. 2001. Estimating spatially variable soil properties for application of crop models in precision farming. ASABE. 4 (5) 1343-1353. [DOI:10.13031/2013.6424]

17. Karimmojeni, H., Yousefi, A. R., Kudsk, P. & Bazrafshan, A. H. 2015. Broadleaf Weed Control in Winter-Sown Lentil (Lens culinaris). Weed Technology. 29(1): 56-62. [DOI:10.1614/WT-D-13-00184.1]

18. Knott, C. M. & Halila, H. M. 1988. Weeds in food legumes: problems, effects and control. In World crops: Cool season food legumes: A global perspective of the problems and prospects for crop improvement in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea, 535-548 (Ed R. J. Summerfield). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. [DOI:10.1007/978-94-009-2764-3_45]

19. Koller, M. & Lanini, W. T. 2005. Site-specific herbicide applications based on weed maps provide effective control. California Agriculture. 59(3): 182-187. [DOI:10.3733/ca.v059n03p182]

20. Lehnhoff, E. A., Miller, Z. J., Brelsford, M. J., White, S. & Maxwell, B. D. 2013. Relative canopy height influences wild oat (Avena fatua) seed viability, dormancy, and germination. Weed Science. 61(4): 564-569. [DOI:10.1614/WS-D-13-00084.1]

21. Liebman, M. & Dyck, E. 1993. Crop Rotation and Intercropping Strategies for Weed Management. Ecological Applications. 3(1): 92-122. [DOI:10.2307/1941795]

22. Liu, J. G., Mahoney, K. J., Sikkema, P. H. & Swanton, C. J. 2009. The importance of light quality in crop-weed competition. Weed Research. 49(2): 217-224. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00687.x]

23. Liu, Y., Lv, J., Zhang, B. & Bi, J. 2013. Spatial multi-scale variability of soil nutrients in relation to environmental factors in a typical agricultural region, Eastern China. Science of The Total Environment. 450-451: 108-119. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.083]

24. Makarian, H. & Hosseini, R. 2010. Spatial distribution of weeds and its effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) biomass. Elect. J. Crop Prod. 3(4): 31-47.

25. Makarian, H. & Rohani, a. 2014. Determination of weed spatial distribution based on damage threshold in two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Shahrood region. Journal of Plant Production Research. 21(3): 51-73. (In Persian with English abstract).

26. Milberg, P. & Hallgren, E. 2004. Yield loss due to weeds in cereals and its large-scale variability in Sweden. Field Crops Research. 86(2): 199-209. [DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.006]

27. Mohamed, E. S., Nourai, A. H., Mohamed, G. E., Mohamed, M. I. & Saxena, M. C. 1997. Weeds and weed management in irrigated lentil in northern Sudan. Weed Research. 37(4): 211-218. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-35.x]

28. Mohammadi, J. 1999. Study of the Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity in Ramhormoz Area (Khuzestan) Using Geostatistical Theory Il. Cokriging. Journal of Water and Soil Science 3 (1): 1-8 (In Persian)

29. Myers, M. W., Curran, W. S., Vangessel, M. J., Majek, B. A., Scott, B. A., Mortensen, D. A., Calvin, D. D., Karsten, H. D. & Roth, G. W. 2005. The Effect of Weed Density and Application Timing on Weed Control and Corn Grain Yield. Weed Technology. 19(1): 102-107. [DOI:10.1614/WT-03-263R]

30. Page, E. R., Tollenaar, M., Lee, E. A., Lukens, L. & Swanton, C. J. 2009. Does the shade avoidance response contribute to the critical period for weed control in maize (Zea mays). Weed Research. 49(6): 563-571. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00735.x]

31. Page, E. R., Tollenaar, M., Lee, E. A., Lukens, L. & Swanton, C. J. 2010. Shade avoidance: an integral component of crop-weed competition. Weed Research. 50(4): 281-288. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00781.x]

32. Ponce, R. & Santin, I. 2001. Competitive ability of wheat cultivars with wild oats depending on nitrogen fertilization. Agronomie. 21(2): 119-125. [DOI:10.1051/agro:2001112]

33. Rajcan, I., Chandler, K. J. & Swanton, C. J. 2004. Red-far-red ratio of reflected light: a hypothesis of why early-season weed control is important in corn. Weed Science. 52(5): 774-778. [DOI:10.1614/WS-03-158R]

34. Rajcan, I. & Swanton, C. J. 2001. Understanding maize-weed competition: resource competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research. 71(2): 139-150. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00159-9]

35. Sarker, A. & Erskine, W. 2006. Recent progress in the ancient lentil. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 144(1): 19-29. [DOI:10.1017/S0021859605005800]

36. Schroeder, J., Thomas, S. H. & Murray, L. W. 2005. Impacts of crop pests on weeds and weed-crop interactions. Weed Science. 53(6): 918-922. [DOI:10.1614/WS-04-052R1.1]

37. Seyed Jalali, S. A. & Shorafa, M. 2016. Application of Kriging and Cokriging in Predicting Wheat Yield using Principle Component Analysis. Scientific Journal Management System. 9(2): 213-224.

38. Siah Marguee , A., Rashed Mohassel, M. H., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Banayan Awal, M. & Mashhadi, H. 2006. Evaluation of Spatial Variation of Weeds and Their Response to Imposed Managements in a Sugar Beet Field in Mashhad.

39. Song, J.-S., Kim, J.-W., Im, J.-H., Lee, K.-J., Lee, B.-W. & Kim, D.-S. 2017. The Effects of Single- and Multiple-Weed Interference on Soybean Yield in the Far-Eastern Region of Russia. Weed Science. 65(3): 371-380. [DOI:10.1017/wsc.2016.25]

40. Thorp, K. R. & Tian, L. F. 2004. A Review on Remote Sensing of Weeds in Agriculture. Precision Agriculture. 5(5): 477-508. [DOI:10.1007/s11119-004-5321-1]

41. Walter, A. M., Christensen, S. & Simmelsgaard, S. E. 2002. Spatial correlation between weed species densities and soil properties. Weed Research. 42(1): 26-38. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00259.x]

42. Watson, P. R., Derksen, D. A. & Van Acker, R. C. 2006. The ability of 29 barley cultivars to compete and withstand competition. Weed Science. 54(4): 783-792. [DOI:10.1614/WS-05-020R3.1]

43. Yenish, J. P., Brand, J., Pala, M. & Haddad, A. 2009. Weed Management In Lentil. 326-342. [DOI:10.1079/9781845934873.0326]

44. Ashrafi, A., M. Banayan.Aval and M. H. Rashed.Mohasel. 2004. Spatial dynamics of weed populations in a corn field using geostatistics. Iran J. Field Crops Res. 1(2): 139-154. (In Persian with English abstract).##Bagheri, A., M. H. Rashed Mohasel and P. Rezvani Moghaddam. 2014. Effect of crop rotation on spatial dynamic of Fumaria vaillantti and Polygonum aviculare. Iran J. Field Crops Res. 12(2): 178-188. (In Persian with English abstract)##Bagheri, A., M. H. Rashed Mohassel, P. Rezvani Moghadam and M. Nasiri Mahalati. 2010. Evaluation of spatial distribution and weed dynamics in a wheat field. Iran J. Field Crops Res. 8(4): 646-657. (In Persian with English abstract)##Blackshaw, R. E. 2005. Nitrogen Fertilizer, manure, and compost effects on weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Agron. J. 97(6): 1612-1621.##Brim-DeForest, W. B., K. Al-Khatib and A. J. Fischer. 2017. Predicting yield losses in rice mixed-weed species infestations in California. Weed Sci. 65(1): 61-72.##Cierjacks, A., M. Pommeranz, K. Schulz and J. Almeida-Cortez. 2016. Is crop yield related to weed species diversity and biomass in coconut and banana fields of northeastern Brazil? Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 220:175-183.##Erman, M., I. Tepe, B. Bukun, R. Yergin and M. Taskesen. 2008. Critical period of weed control in winter lentil under non-irrigated conditions in Turkey. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 3(8): 523-530.##Esfandiari H and S. H. Hashemi Jozi. 2002. Effect of plant density and herbicide application on weed control in bean. 7th Iranian Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Plant Breeding, 5-7 Sep. 2002, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Karaj. (In Persian with English abstract).##Fahad, S., S. Hussain, S. Saud, S. Hassan, H. Muhammad, D. Shan, C. Chen, C. Wu, D. Xiong and S. Khan. 2014. Consequences of narrow crop row spacing and delayed Echinochloa colona and Trianthema portulacastrum emergence for weed growth and crop yield loss in maize. Weed Res. 54(5): 475-483.##Gerhards, R., D. Dicke and H. Oebel. 2005. Testing and analysing decision rules for site-specific weed control in malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using a geographic information system. J. Plant Dis. Protec. 112(5): 447-456. ##Heisel, T., A. K. Ersbøll and C. Andreasen. 1999. Weed mapping with Co-Kriging using soil properties. Precision Agric. 1(1): 39-52.##Koller, M. and W. T. Lanini. 2005. Site-specific herbicide applications based on weed maps provide effective control. California Agric. 59(3): 182-187.##Lehnhoff, E. A., Z. J. Miller, M. J. Brelsford, S. White and B. D. Maxwell. 2013. Relative canopy height influences wild oat (Avena fatua) seed viability, dormancy, and germination. Weed Sci 61(4): 564-569.##Liebman, M. and E. Dyck. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecol. Appl. 3(1): 92-122.##Liu, Y., J. Lv, B. Zhang and J. Bi. 2013. Spatial multi-scale variability of soil nutrients in relation to environmental factors in a typical agricultural region. Eastern China. Sci. Total Environ. 450:108-119.##Makarian H and R. Hosseini 2010. Spatial distribution of weeds and its effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) biomass. J.Crop Prod. 3 (4): 31-47. (In Persian with English abstract).##Makarian, H. and a. Rohani. 2014. Determination of weed spatial distribution based on damage threshold in two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Shahrood region. J. Plant Prod. Res. 21(3): 51-73. (In Persian with English abstract)##Milberg, P. and E. Hallgren. 2004. Yield loss due to weeds in cereals and its large-scale variability in Sweden. Field Crop Res. 86(2): 199-209.##Mohammadi, J. 1999. Study of the spatial variability of soil salinity in Ramhormoz area (Khuzestan) using geostatistical theory Il. Cokriging. J. Water Soil Sci. 3(1): 1-8. (In Persian with English abstract)##Myers, M. W., W. S. Curran, M. J. Vangessel, B. A. Majek, B. A. Scott, D. A. Mortensen, D. D. Calvin, H. D. Karsten and G. W. Roth. 2005. The effect of weed density and application timing on weed control and corn grain yield. Weed Technol. 19(1): 102-107.##Rajcan, I., K. J. Chandler and C. J. Swanton. 2004. Red-far-red ratio of reflected light: a hypothesis of why early-season weed control is important in corn. Weed Sci. 52(5): 774-778.##Sarker, A. and W. Erskine. 2006. Recent progress in the ancient lentil. J. Agric. Sci. 144(1): 19-29.##Saxena M., K. Subramanyam and D. Yadav. 1976. Chemical and mechanical control of weeds in gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Pantnagar J. Res. 1: 112-116. ##Schroeder, J., S. H. Thomas and L. W. Murray. 2005. Impacts of crop pests on weeds and weed-crop interactions. Weed Sci. 53(6): 918-922.##Seyed Jalali, S. A. and M. Shorafa. 2016. Application of Kriging and Cokriging in predicting wheat yield using principle component analysis. Sci J. Manage. Sys. 9(2): 213-224.##Siah Marguee , A., M. H. Rashed Mohassel, M. Nasiri Mahallati, M. Banayan Awal and H. Mashhadi. 2006. Evaluation of spatial variation of weeds and their response to imposed managements in a sugar beet field in Mashhad. J. Water. Soil. Sci.. 10(3): 361-374. (In Persian with English abstract)##Song, J. S., J. W. Kim, J. H. Im, K. J. Lee, B. W. Lee and D. S. Kim. 2017. The effects of single and multiple weed interference on soybean yield in the far-eastern region of Russia. Weed Sci. 65(3): 371-380.##Thorp, K. R. and L. F. Tian. 2004. A Review on remote sensing of weeds in agriculture. Precision Agric. 5(5): 477-508.##Walter, A. M., S. Christensen and S. E. Simmelsgaard. 2002. Spatial correlation between weed species densities and soil properties. Weed Res. 42(1): 26-38.##Yenish J. P., J. Brand, M. Pala and A. Haddad. 2009. Weed Management In Lentil. In: Erskine, W., Muehlbauer, F., Sarker, A., Sharma, B. (Eds.), The Lentil: Botany, Production and Uses. MPG Books Group, Wallingford, UK.##