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Estimation of combining ability and gene action of selected rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars from Central and West Asia
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Alireza Tarang   , Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh |
| Associate Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran & Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran |
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Abstract: (183 Views) |
Introduction: Increasing rice production is one of the demands of the world market and one of the goals of many countries that produce this staple crop. Development of high yielding cultivars is one approach and perhaps the only one to supply the country's rice demand. Knowledge of the genetic parameters that control different traits, including heritability, the average degree of dominance, and gene action is very important in choosing a breeding scheme that lwads to development of improved high yielding cultivars. The diallel designs proposed by Griffing, Jinks, and Hayman provide information about the genetic suitability of parents to be used in breeding programs. This experiment was carried out to estimate the combining ability and the type of gene action of eight Central and Western Asian rice varieties using diallel crossing design.
Materials and Methods: In this experiment, eight rice varieties from Central and West Asia were used as the parents of the crosses. The progenies obtained from the diallel crossing design along with their parents were grown using randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran. During the growth duration, according to the standard evaluation method of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the necessary evaluations for agro-morphological characteristics were carried out. Diallele analysis was performed using the second Griffing method under the first model (with fixed effect). Baker's ratio was used to determine the contribution of additive variance in the genetic control of studied traits. Also, diallel analysis proposed by Morley Jones method done to estimate gene actions and genetic variance components (additive and dominant). SAS 9.4 and DIAL98 softwares were used to perform preliminary variance and diallel analysis.
Results: The results of diallel analysis by Griffing method to estimate combining ability showed that general and specific combining ability were significant for all studied traits which indicated the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the genetic control of these traits. Baker's ratio for grain yield, number of fertile tiller number per plant and number of filled grains per panicle showed that non-additive gene effects had a significant contribution in the genetic control of these traits. The value of Baker's ratio in plant height, panicle length and number of days to 50% of flowering indicated the presence of additive and non-additive gene effects in the genetic control of the aforementioned traits. Evaluation of general combining ability showed that the highest combining ability was observed in D3, Ghadeer, Atai-1 and Hashemi cultivars for grain yield, fertile tiller number per plant, filled grains per panicle and panicle length, respectively. Also, D3 and Marjan cultivars had the lowest general combining ability for plant height and days to 50% of flowering. The estimation of specific combining ability showed that for grain yield, Atai-1×Marjan cross, for fertile tiller number per plant, Ghadeer×Atai-1 cross, for filled grains per panicle, Marjan×Atai-1 cross and for panicle length, Ghadeer×Marjan cross had the highest specific combining ability. The estimation of genetic parameters of diallel genetic analysis showed that the contribution of non-additive gene effect in the genetic control of grain yield, fertile tillers per plant, plant height, filled gains pe panicle and panicle length was higher than additive gene effect.
Conclusion: considering the resuts of this experiment, it can besuggested that D3 cultivar is suitable parent for increasing grain yield as well as reducing plant height, and Marjan cultivar is suitable parent for shortening growth duration, in targeted crosses. The results also showed that Atai-1×Marjan cross had the highest specific combining ability for grain yield. Therefore, this combination is suggested for the development of high yield potential hybrid rice cultivars. The best combination for shorter plant height was Jalal×Atai-1 cross. The estimation of genetic parameters of diallel analysis showed that designing breeding schemesfor development of hybrid rice cultivars to improve grain yield and reduce plant height will be promising. The results also indicated that the use of selection method to reduce the length of growth duration will be possible.
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| Keywords: Additive effect, Dominance effect, General combining ability, Rice and Specific combining ability |
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Full-Text [PDF 474 kb]
(57 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Scientific & Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/12/31 | Accepted: 2024/03/18 | Published: 2024/03/15
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