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Effects of salinity on morpho-physiological traits of twenty-five hexaploid wheat genotypes (landraces, commercial cultivars, promising breeding lines, and Arg, Bam, Ofogh and Sistan as checks), were studied. Bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each of the environmental conditions (saline and non-saline conditions) at the research filed station of Birjand, Iran in 2012-2014 cropping seasons. Combined analysis variance revealed significant differences among grnotypes for the studied traits. In saline condition, the maximum grain yield (5517, 5322, 5317 kg.ha^-1) obtained in genotypes No. 25, 22 and 20, respectively and in non saline condition the maximum grain yield (7869, 7728 and 7706 kg.ha^-1) obtained in genotypes No. 1 (Sistan), 20 an 25, respectively. Results showed salinity led to decreased K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of flag leaf, grain yield, biological yield, flag leaf area, length of penultimate, length of peduncle, plant height and increased Na⁺ content of flag leaf and canopy temperature as compared with non-stress condintion. In saline condition, grain yield was significantly  and positively correlated with grain yield in non-stress, biological yield (BY), K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, chlorophyll content (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), harvest index (HI), length of spike, length of peduncle, thousand grain weight (TGW), while it was negatively correlated with Na⁺ content of flag leaf. Stepwise regression analysis in saline condition showed BY, HI, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, Na⁺ content of flag leaf, length of spike and width of flag leaf justified the majority of grain yield variation and can be used for indirect selection of grain yield. Factors analysis identified five factors which explained 80.46% of the total variation. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that criteria such as BY, HI, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, Na⁺ content of flag leaf, length of spike, chlorophyll content, RWC and TGW could be considered as effective criteria for selecting to improve grain yield  in the national wheat breeding programs for tolerance to salinity stress. Genotypes No. 25, 22, 20, 21, 24, 13 and 23 were determined as more tolerant genotypes even more than check cultivars. These genotypes have salt tolerant parents shuch as: Karchia, Sakha8 and 1-66-22 in their pedigrees.

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To study the effect of planting pattern and fertilizer source on agronomic characteritics of linseed and chickpea in intercropping in rainfed conditions, a field experiment was conducted as factorial arrangenents in randomized complete block design with three replications in Naqadeh, Iran in 2016-2017 cropping season. The first factor included six cropping patterns; one row chickpea: one row linseed, two rows chickpea: two rows linseed, four rows chickpea: two rows linseed, two rows chickpea: four rows linseed and sole cropping of each crops. The second factor included four fertilizer sources; without fertilizer (Control), 100% chemical fertilizers (NPK), biofertilizers (Azoto Barvar1+ Phosphate Barvar2+ PotaBarvar2+ Sulfur Barvar1) and vermicompost (10 t.ha^-1).  The results showed that the effect of intercropping ratios and fertilizer sources were significant on seed yield, biological yield, oil content and oil yield of lineseed and seed yield and biological yield, number of rhizobium nodules and protein content of seed of chickpea. The highest seed yield of both species was obtained from sole cropping (linseed 945 kg.ha^-1 and chickpea 629 kg.ha^-1), however, the average seed yield of each crop, in the same per unit area, was higher than sole cropping (linseed 161. 5 and chicpea 128.5 kg.ha^-1). The oil content of linseed (6.60%) and seed protein content of chickpea (20.26%) were higher in intercropping as compared with sole cropping. The use of fertilizer sources, especially the use of vermicompost, could increase the studied traits of both species in comparison with the control. The maximum LER (1.55) obtained from four rows of chickpea + two rows of linseed in control (without fertilizer). This means that intercropping improved land use efficiency by 55% when compared with sole cropping. Considering the goals of sustainable agriculture and elimination of chemical inputs, the intercropping ratio of four rows of chickpea + two rows of linseed without fertilizer application was more suitable package.