fa اثر کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن ارقام آفتابگردان (.Helianthus annuus L) در شرایط آب و هوایی شمال خوزستان تخصصي Special پژوهشي Scientific & Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">به&rlm; منظور ارزیابی واکنش صفات عملکردی و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن ارقام امیدبخش آفتابگردان به کم&rlm;آبیاری در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1399</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">&ndash;</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> 1398 به&rlm;صورت کرت&rlm;های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک&rlm;های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و با دو عامل شامل آبیاری بر اساس تخلیه 50 درصد (آبیاری کامل؛ شاهد) و کم&rlm;آبیاری بر اساس تخلیه 70 و 90 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک در کرت‌های اصلی و ارقام آفتابگردان شامل ارقام اسکار، فلیکس، شکیرا، ساوانا، لاباد و مونالیزا در کرت‌های فرعی، در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی&rlm;آباد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای کم&rlm;آبیاری بر صفات عملکردی و محتوای اسیدهای چرب روغن آفتابگردان نسبت به آبیاری کامل، معنی&rlm;دار بود. کم&rlm;آبیاری 90 درصد، باعث کاهش 36، 24، 37، 50 و 11 درصد در وزن هزار دانه، محتوای روغن دانه، عملکرد روغن، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت نسبت به آبیاری کامل شد. محتوای پروتئین دانه در تیمار کم&rlm;آبیاری 70 درصد با 7/19 درصد، بیشترین مقدار را داشت و با افزایش شدت کم‌آبیاری، محتوای پروتئین دانه کاهش یافت. رقم اسکار در تیمار آبیاری کامل با میانگین عملکرد دانه 5340 کیلوگرم در هکتار و رقم شکیرا در تیمار کم&rlm;آبیاری 90 درصد با میانگین عملکرد دانه 2670 کیلوگرم در هکتار، به&rlm;ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین مقدار عملکرد دانه را داشتند. رقم اسکار با میانگین 1610 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و رقم شکیرا با میانگین 900 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کمترین عملکرد روغن را داشتند. نسبت اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع به اشباع در تیمارهای کم&rlm;آبیاری روند کاهشی داشت. در تیمار کم&rlm;آبیاری 90 درصد محتوای اسیدهای چرب اسید پالمیتیک و اسید استئاریک 32/8 و 50/4 درصد و اسید اولئیک و اسید لینولئیک 0/34 و 8/44 درصد بودند. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش ارقام آفتابگردان فلیکس و لاباد با توجه به برتری عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای کم&rlm;آبیاری، به&rlm;عنوان ارقام مناسب برای شرایط آب و هوایی محل اجرای آزمایش شناخته شدند.</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Introduction</span></span></span></b><strong style="color:#943634; letter-spacing:0.25pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> Sunflower as an oilseed&nbsp;crop</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">is usually cultivated</span></span></span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">in a wide range of climatic conditions ranging from temperate to tropical and semi-arid regions. Seed yield and quality of sunflower is affected by the water deficit caused by climate change. Fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds depend on many factors including; genotype and weather conditions of the growing season.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Oleic and linoleic acids are the most important unsaturated fatty acids, contributing more than 80% of total fatty acid content in sunflower oil (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">D&iacute;az <i>et al</i>., 2012</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">). Water deficit affect seed yield and oil quality characteristics of sunflower (</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Totsky and Lyakh, 2015</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">).</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The high percentage of linoleic acid increases the quality of sunflower oil.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the changes in the chemical composition of sunflower oil under deficit irrigation conditions.<b> </b></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> The experiment was carried out as split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020. The experimental site was located Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Dezful, Iran. Main plots consisted of three irrigation regimes including; full irrigation (control), moderate and severe deficit irrigation (50, 70 and 90% of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">available soil moisture</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">, respectively), and sub plots consisted of six sunflower cultivars including; Oscar, Felix, Shakira, Savana, Labad and Monaliza.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The results showed that deficit irrigation had significant effect on seed yield and related traits and fatty acid composition of sunflower oil in comparision with control.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> At </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">90% level of deficit irrigation</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> thousand seed weight, seed oil content, seed yield, oil yield, and harvest index decreased</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">by 36, 24, 37, 50 and 11%, respectively in comparison with control.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The highest seed protein content was 19.7% at 70% level of </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">deficit irrigation</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">. Oscar cultivar in </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">control </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">and cv. Shakira in </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">90% level of deficit irrigation</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> showed the highest and lowest seed yield (5340 and 2670 kg.ha^-1, respectively).</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Oscar cultivar maintained the highest oil yield (1610 kg.ha^-1) while cv. Shakira had the lowest oil yield (900 kg.ha^-1). Labad cultivar maintained the highest seed yield in 70% and 90%</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> levels of deficit irrigation </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(4410 and 4280 kg.ha^-1, respectively) when compared with control.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Fatty acids composition of oil in sunflower cultivars, using gas chromatography method, identified four fatty acid compounds,, which included two saturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (C₁₆:0) and stearic acid (C₁₈:0), a mono-unsaturated fatty acid including oleic acid (C₁₈:1) and a poly-unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (C₁₈:2), with a total of 96.6, 93.2 and 91.7% in the control, 70 and 90% levels of deficit irrigation, respectively. The results showed that, in the 90% level of deficit irrigation, palmitic and stearic fatty acids increased (by 17.6 and 25%, respectively) and oleic and linoleic fatty acids decreased (by 11.1 and 6.69, respectively).</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Among the sunflower cultivars, the highest Stearic acid (4.41%), oleic acid (42.6%) and linoleic acid (50.0%) contents were measured in cv. Oscar, cv. Savana and cv. Felix, respectively. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:12.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion: </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">There was significant reduction unsaturated</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> saturated fatty acids under deficit irrigation levles when compared to control. Felix and Labad sunflower cultivars showed the lowest reduction in seed yield under water deficit conditions and identified as the suitable cultivars for weather conditions of the experiment site.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; آبیاری, آفتابگردان, اسیدهای چرب, روغن دانه و عملکرد دانه Fatty acids, Irrigation, Seed oil content, Seed yield and Sunflower 241 257 http://agrobreedjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1547-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Davoud Omidinasab داود امیدی نسب Davoudomidinasab@gmail.com 100319475328460010885 100319475328460010885 Yes Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Moosa Meskarbashee موسی مسکرباشی mmeskarbashee@scu.ac.ir 100319475328460010886 100319475328460010886 No Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Afrasyab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi افراسیاب راهنما قهفرخی A.rahnama@scu.ir 100319475328460010887 100319475328460010887 No Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران