<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Society of Crops and Plant Breeding Sciences</title>
<title_fa>نشریه علوم زراعی ایران</title_fa>
<short_title>Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences.</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://agrobreedjournal.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1562-5540</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2717-0527</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.52547/abj</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1402</year>
	<month>9</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2023</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>25</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>فراتحلیل اثر عوامل زراعی بر تغییرات عملکرد و کیفیت ریشه چغندرقند (.Beta vulgaris L)</title_fa>
	<title>Meta-analysis of the effect of agronomic factors on root yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Scientific &amp; Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-justify:kashida&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-kashida:0%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:20.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;به&#8204;منظور ارزیابی اثر عوامل زراعی بر عملکرد و کیفیت ریشه چغندرقند، به&#8204;ویژه محتوای سدیم ریشه، نتایج تحقیقات انجام شده در موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند در ستاد موسسه و مراکز تحقیقاتی شهرستان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;های کشور در سال&#8204;های 1376 تا 1399 جمع&#8204;آوری و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. بر این اساس نتایج 33 گزارش نهایی مرتبط که دارای شاخص&#8204;های مناسب از نظر تیمارهای مدیریت زراعی بودند، به&#8204;صورت پایگاه داده&#8204;ای شامل 450 ردیف در 26 ستون مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. داده&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;های متناظر با تیمارهای مورد ارزیابی از پایگاه داده استخراج و سپس نسبت واکنش، میانگین وزنی نسبت واکنش، انحراف معیار و اثرات معنی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;دار سهم هر یک از عوامل بر صفات کمی و کیفی ریشه چغندرقند محاسبه شدند. نتایج مطالعات فراتحلیل اثر عوامل زراعی طی 23 سال تحقیقات نشان داد که اثر فاصله ردیف&#8204;های کاشت، فاصله بوته&#8204;ها روی ردیف، روش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;های آماده سازی خاک، نوع تناوب زراعی، تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، تنش خشکی متوسط و شدید بر محتوای سدیم ریشه اثر معنی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;داری نداشتند. تناوب زراعی باعث افزایش معنی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;دار (حدود 5/17درصد) و تنش خشکی ابتدای فصل، تنش خشکی انتهای فصل و تنش شدید خشکی باعث کاهش معنی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;دار عملکرد ریشه (به&#8204;ترتیب 21، 42 و 33 درصد) شدند. براساس نتایج فراتحلیل، در بین عوامل زراعی مورد ارزیابی، تناوب زراعی و مدیریت آبیاری دارای اهمیت بیشتری بوده و بنابراین با رعایت تناوب زراعی و مدیریت بهینه آب در طول فصل، می&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&#8204;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; zar=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;توان از کاهش عملکرد ریشه و قند قابل استحصال چغندرقند اجتناب کرد. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span bold=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing:-.2pt&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;pre style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Different environmental and genetic factors such as variety, climate, soil and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;agronomic practices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; factors are effective in increasing root sodium &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and reducing the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;yield&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and quality of sugar beet roots. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Therefore,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; in this research, using meta-analysis, the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;effect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; of these factors has been determined and agronomic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;practices&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; reduc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;ing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; the sodium content of the roots and increas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;ing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; the quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; of produced sugar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine management &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;practices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; with significant effects on &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;yield&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; of sugar beet roots&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; in Iran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Material and Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;This study was conducted on data collected from the experiments &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;carried out&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; at Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; in Karaj&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in different provinces in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Iran &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;for the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; period of 1997 to 2020. Data were analyzed from 33 final &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;technical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; reports of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;research projects of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;the experiment that&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; had appropriate agronomic management treatments. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;data and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;information of these reports &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; created &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; a database containing 450 rows in 26 columns. The corresponding data to the investigated treatments were considered from the database and then the reaction ratio, average of the reaction ratio, standard deviation and the significant effect of each factor on sugar beet root &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;yield and quality &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;traits were determined&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The results of meta-analysis of agronomic &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;practices &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;factors &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;in the period of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; 23 years of research showed that lack of irrigation in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;early&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; season after &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;crop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; establishment caused significant decrease in root sodium content (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;alpha;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;=0.05). The effects of row and plant spacing, land preparation methods, crop rotation, late season &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;moisture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; stress, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;mild&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and severe &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;drought &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;stress&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, on root sodium content were not significant. Crop rotation caused significant increase in root, sugar and white sugar yields by 17.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, 23.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and 26.7%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Early&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and late season &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;drought &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;stresses and severe &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;drought &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;stress caused significant decrease in root yield&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; by&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; 21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, 42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, 33%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; respectively. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Reduction in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; white &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;ugar yield were 18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;, 43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; and 32%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; under&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; above&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; mentioned&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;drought&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; stresses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; conditions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:13.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;The crop rotation of legumes-wheat-sugar beet compared to the conventional rotation of wheat-sugar beet increased sugar beet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;root yield &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;by about 20%. The best method of soil preparation was &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;detrmined&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; as plowing or using sub-soiller in autumn and carrying out other operations including disc and furrower in spring. Increasing the planting row &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;spacing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; to 60 cm caused significant decrease in root&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;raw &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;sugar and white sugar yields by 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; to 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; due to the decrease in plant density. Changing plant spac&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;ing within rows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; from 20 cm to 15 cm did not have significant effect on sugar beet traits.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Water deficit at the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;early&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; season and after the establishment of sugar beet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;crop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; decrease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;ed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; the sodium content of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;sugar beet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; roots during the season, and also reduce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; root, sugar and white sugar yields, but the amount of yield reduction &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;was&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; less&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;er&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; than drought stress at the end of season. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Therefore, i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;t is recommended to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;continue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; irrigation during the sugar beet technological ripening stage. Irrigation could be &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;applied&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; after 70% decrease of the soil moisture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; to reduce water &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;use &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;without any significant reduction in root yield.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:14.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>آبیاری, آماده سازی زمین, تناوب زراعی, چغندرقند, سدیم و عملکرد ریشه</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Crop rotation, Irrigation, Root yield, Sodium content, Soil preparation and Sugar beet</keyword>
	<start_page>310</start_page>
	<end_page>324</end_page>
	<web_url>http://agrobreedjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-269-2&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Samar</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Khayamim</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>سمر</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>خیامیم</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>samar.khayam@gmail.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846009860</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009860</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran </affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Hamid</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Noshad</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>حمید</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>نوشاد</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>hamidnoshad@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846009861</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009861</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Assistant Prof., Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Babak</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Babaee</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>بابک</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>بابایی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>babak_babaee@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846009862</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009862</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Assistant Prof., Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Abazar</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Rajabi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>اباذر</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>رجبی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Abazar.rajabi@yahoo.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846009863</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009863</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Shahram</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Khodadadi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>شهرام</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>خدادادی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>kh.agronomist@yahoo.co</email>
	<code>10031947532846009864</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009864</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Researcher, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran </affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
