:: دوره 22، شماره 2 - ( تابستان 1399 ) ::
جلد 22 شماره 2 صفحات 124-108 برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
مقاله مروری به نژادی مشارکتی، راهکاری برای تولید پایدار ارقام جدید برنج در ایران
مهرزاد اله‌قلی‌پور ، مریم حسینی‌چالشتری
مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران
چکیده:   (2598 مشاهده)
طی 50 سال گذشته،‌ ارقام مختلف برنج توسط به‌نژادگران به جوامع کشاورزی سراسر دنیا معرفی شده است. با وجود بهبود شاخص‌هایی مانند عملکرد دانه و تحمل به تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی،‌ هنوز تعداد قابل توجهی از کشاورزان، ژنوتیپ‌های بومی را به ارقام اصلاح شده ترجیح می‌دهند. دلایل اصلی این موضوع ضعف در مشارکت به‌نژادگران، مروجین و کشاورزان در برنامه‌های تحقیقات کاربردی و همچنین عدم احصای نیازها و ترجیحات جوامع کشاورزی، تفاوت در وضعیت رشد گیاهان در مزارع تحقیقاتی با مزارع کشاورزان، تفاوت شرایط اگرواکولوژیکی مناطق کشاورزی با یکدیگر و کیفیت مطلوب پخت و سازگاری بالای ارقام بومی و پایداری عملکرد آن‌ها در سال‌های مختلف هستند. طی دو دهه اخیر شیوه به‌نژادی مشارکتی با همکاری کشاورزان،‌ تجار،‌ صاحبان صنایع تبدیلی و مصرف‌کنندگان جهت بهبود و تولید ارقام جدید زراعی توسعه یافته است. در این شیوه معرفی ارقام جدید با مشارکت کشاورزان (و یا سایر ذی‌نفعان) و محققان به‌نژادی صورت می‌گیرد. ارقام معرفی شده با استفاده از روش به‌نژادی مشارکتی،‌ علاوه بر دارا بودن عملکرد بیشتر و بهبود درآمد کشاورزان،‌ به حفظ و افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی کمک کرده، سرعت پذیرش ژنوتیپ‌های جدید افزایش و زمان و هزینه‌های تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج یافته‌های جدید کشاورزی کاهش می‌یابد. اجرای برنامه‌های به‌نژادی با کمک بهره‌برداران محصولات کشاورزی می‌تواند بسیار مفید بوده و آینده به‌نژادی متداول را تغییر دهد. معرفی دو رقم برنج اصلاح شده گیلانه در سال 1395 و آنام در سال 1398 با همراهی کشاورزان، نمونه‌های موفقی از اثربخشی تحقیقات برنج در قالب برنامه به‌نژادی مشارکتی در ایران می‌باشند.
واژه‌های کلیدی: انتخاب مشارکتی رقم، برنج، به‌نژادی مشارکتی و ترجیح کشاورزان.
متن کامل [PDF 689 kb]   (1276 دریافت)    
نوع مطالعه: مروری | موضوع مقاله: تخصصي
دریافت: 1398/7/7 | پذیرش: 1399/6/10 | انتشار: 1399/6/10
فهرست منابع
1. Allahgholipour, M., 2014. Improvement of rice cultivars for yield and quality characters through farmers participatory breeding program. Rice research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran (In Persian with English Abstract).##Allahgholipour, M., 2016. Genotype × environment interaction effect in rice genotypes using GGE Biplot. Cereal Res. 6 (1): 1-14. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Allahgholipour, M., M. Kavoosi, F. Majidi, M. Hossieni, N. Sharafi, S. M. Soltani, A. Tarang, B. Yaghobi and M. Yazdani. 2018a. Anam, a new rice cultivar. Rice research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Allahgholipour, M., M. Kavoosi, F. Majidi, M. Hossieni, N. Sharafi, S. M. Soltani, A. Tarang, B. Yaghobi and M. Yazdani. 2018b. New rice line (RI18430-12) with origin of Iranian rice local cultivars. 18th National Rice Conference, Sari, Iran. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Allahgholipour, M., M. Kavoosi, F. Majidi, M. Yazdani, N. Sharafi and H. Shafieisabet. 2019. Gilaneh, a new rice cultivar with origin of Iranian landrace varieties. Res. Achiev. Field Hort. Crops. 7: 277-289. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Almekinders, C., A. Elings. 2001. Collaboration of farmers and breeders: participatory crop improvement in perspective. Euphotic 122: 425-438.##Almekinders, C., L. Mertens, J. Van Loon and E. L. van Bueren. 2014. Potato breeding in the Netherlands: a successful participatory model with collaboration between farmers and commercial breeders. Food Security, 6: 515-524.##Balcha, A. and R. Tigabu. 2015. Participatory varietal selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Wolaita, Ethiopia. Asian J. Crop Sci. 7: 295-300.##Burman, D., B. Maji, S. Singh, S. Mandal, S. K. Sarangi, B. Bandyopadhyay, A. Bal, D. Sharma, S. Krishnamurthy and H. Singh. 2018. Participatory evaluation guides the development and selection of farmers' preferred rice varieties for salt-and flood-affected coastal deltas of South and Southeast Asia. Field Crops Res. 220: 67-77.##Ceccarelli, S., S. Grando, R. Tutwiler, J. Baha, A. Martini, H. Salahieh, A. Goodchild and M. Michael. 2000. A methodological study on participatory barley breeding I. Selection phase. Euphytica 111: 91-104.##Christinck, A., E. Weltzien, and V. Hoffmann. 2005. Setting breeding objectives and developing seed systems with farmers. A handbook for practical use in participatory plant breeding projects. Weikersheim: Margraf Publishers and Wageningen, the Netherlands: Center for Tropical Agriculture (CTA).##Christinck, B., M. Diarra and G. Horneber 2014. Innovations in Seed Systems, Lessons from the CCRP Funded Project Sustaining farmer-managed Seed Initiatives in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.##Danial, D., J. Parlevliet, C. Almekinders and G. Thiele. 2007. Farmers' participation and breeding for durable disease resistance in the Andean region. Euphytica, 153: 385-396.##Guade, Y. F. and A. A. Ageru. 2017. Participatory varietal selection of intermediate altitude sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench genotypes in western part of Ethiopia. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 11: 48-53.##Gyawali, S., S. Sunwar, M. Subedi, M. Tripathi, K. Joshi and J. Witcombe. 2007. Collaborative breeding with farmers can be effective. Field Crops Res. 101: 88-95.##Harwood, J., 2012. Europe's Green Revolution and Its Successors: The Rise and Fall of Peasant-friendly Plant Breeding. Routledge.##Haussmann, B. I., H. Fred Rattunde, E. Weltzien‐Rattunde, P. Traoré, K. Vom Brocke and H.K. Parzies. 2012. Breeding strategies for adaptation of pearl millet and sorghum to climate variability and change in West Africa. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 198: 327-339.##Hoffmann, V., K. Probst and A. Christinck. 2007. Farmers and researchers: How can collaborative advantages be created in participatory research and technology development? Agriculture and Human Values 24: 355-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10460-007-9072-2.##Hosseini Chaleshtori, M., M. Allahgholipour and M. Yekta 2009. Selection of promising lines through participatory variety selection using the best select index. Rice research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. (In Persian with English Abstract).##IRRI. 2006. Participatory Approaches. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.##Islam, M., M. Salam, M. Bhuiyan, M. Rahman and G. Gregorio. 2008. Participatory variety selection for salt tolerant rice. Int. J. Biol. Res. 4: 21-25.##Joshi, A. and J. R. Witcombe.1996. Farmer Participatory crop improvement. II. Participatory varietal selection, a case study in India. Experimental Agriculture 32: 461-477.##Joshi, K., A. Musa, C. Johansen, S. Gyawali, D. Harris and J. Witcombe. 2007. Highly client-oriented breeding, using local preferences and selection, produces widely adapted rice varieties. Field Crops Res. 100: 107-116.##Joshi, K. D., A. U. Rehman, G. Ullah, M. F. Nazir, M. Zahara, J. Akhtar, M. Khan, A. Baloch, J. Khokhar and E. Ellahi. 2017. Acceptance and competitiveness of new improved wheat varieties by smallholder farmers. J. Crop Improv. 31: 608-627.##Kaufmann, B., H. Arpke and A. Christinck. 2013. From assessing knowledge to joint learning. Cultivate Diversity 115-141.##Kimani, J., P. Tongoona, J. Derera and A. Nyende. 2011. Upland rice varieties development through participatory plant breeding. ARPN J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 6: 39-49.##Kolech, S. A., W. De Jong, K. Perry, D. Halseth and F. Mengistu. 2017. Participatory variety selection: A tool to understand farmers′ potato variety selection criteria. Open Agric. 2: 453-463.##Kolech, S. A., D. Halseth, W. De Jong, K. Perry, D. Wolfe, F. M. Tiruneh and S. Schulz. 2015a. Potato variety diversity, determinants and implications for potato breeding strategy in Ethiopia. Am. J. Potato Res. 92: 551-566.##Kolech, S. A., D. Halseth, K. Perry, W. De Jong, F. M. Tiruneh and D. Wolfe. 2015b. Identification of farmer priorities in potato production through participatory variety selection. Am. J. Potato Res. 92: 648-661.##Mosley, P. 2002. The African green revolution as a pro-poor policy instrument. Journal of International Development 14: 695-724. ##Mulatu, E. and H. Zelleke. 2002. Farmers' highland maize (Zea mays L.) selection criteria: Implication for maize breeding for the Hararghe highlands of eastern Ethiopia. Euphytica, 127: 11-30.##Najeeb, S., F. Sheikh, G. Parray, A. Shikari, S. Kashyp, M. Ganie and A. Shah. 2018. Farmers' participatory selection of new rice varieties to boost production under temperate agro-ecosystems. J. Integ. Agric. 17: 1307-1314.##Padmanabhan, M., A. Christinck and H. Arpke, 2013. Why inter-and transdisciplinary research for agrobiodiversity? In: A. Christinck and M. Padmanabhan (Eds.), Cultivate Diversity! A Handbook on Transdisciplinary Approaches to Agrobiodiversity Research. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany. ##Padulosi, S., K. Amaya, M. Jäger, E. Gotor, W. Rojas and R. Valdivia. 2014. A holistic approach to enhance the use of neglected and underutilized species: the case of Andean grains in Bolivia and Peru. Sustainability, 6: 1283-1312.##Paris, T. R., D. Manzanilla, G. Tatlonghari, R. Labios, A. Cuenon and D. Villanueva. 2011. Guide to participatory varietal selection for submergence-tolerant rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines. (111 pp).##Rana, R., P. Shrestha, D. Rijal, A. Subedi and B. Sthapit. 2000. Understanding farmers' knowledge systems and decision-making: participatory techniques for rapid biodiversity assessment and intensive data plots in Nepal. Participatory approaches to the conservation and use of plant genetic resources (Esbern Friis-Hansen and Bhuwon Sthapit, eds.). IPGRI, Rome, Italy.##Rattunde, H. F. W., S. Michel, W. L. Leiser, H. P. Piepho, C. Diallo, K. V. Brocke, B. Diallo, B. I. Haussmann and E. Weltzien. 2016. Farmer participatory early-generation yield testing of sorghum in West Africa: Possibilities to optimize genetic gains for yield in farmers' fields. Crop Sci. 56: 2493-2505.##Singh, D. 2010. Farmers' participatory plant breeding for improvement of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Vegetos-An Int. J. Plant Res. 23: 145-149.##Songyikhangsuthor, K., G. Atlin, S. Phengchanh and B. Linguist 2002. Participatory varietal selection: Lessons learned from the Lao upland programme. Breeding Rainfed Rice for Drought-Prone Environments: Integrating Conventional and Participatory Plant Breeding in South and Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the DFID Plant Sciences Research Programme/IRRI Conference, IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.##Sumberg, J. and D. Reece. 2004. Agricultural research through a 'new product development' lens. Experimental Agriculture 40: 295-314. ##Sunwar, S., L. Basnet, C. Khatri, M. Shrestha, S. Gyawali, B. Bhandari, R. Gautam and B. Sthapit. 2006. Consolidated farmer's roles in participatory maize breeding in Nepal. Bringing farmers back into breeding. Experiences with participatory plant breeding and challenges for institutionalisation, Agromisa Special 5: 70-79.##Taleghani, D., H. Alipour and T. Fakorian. 2017. Abstract of the top research achievements of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Ministry of Jihad-E- Agriculture. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Office of Research Planning and Monitoring. Pp 153. (In Persian).##Tiwari, T., D. Virk and F. Sinclair. 2009. Rapid gains in yield and adoption of new maize varieties for complex hillside environments through farmer participation: I. Improving options through participatory varietal selection (PVS). Field Crops Res. 111: 137-143.##Van de Fliert, E., and A. R. Braun. 2002. Conceptualizing integrative, farmer participatory research for sustainable agriculture: From opportunities to impact. Agriculture and Human Values 19: 25-38.##Vincourt, P. and P. Carolo. 2018. Alternative breeding processes: at which extent participatory breeding should modify the concept of ideotypes in plant breeding? Oilseeds & Fats Crops and Lipids (OCL), 25 (6). D606. 10.1051/ocl/2018061. ##Waldman, K. B., J. M. Kerr and K. B. Isaacs. 2014. Combining participatory crop trials and experimental auctions to estimate farmer preferences for improved common bean in Rwanda. Food Policy. 46: 183-192.##Waters-Bayer, A., L. van Veldhuizen, C. Wettasinha and M. Wongtschowski. 2004. Developing partnerships to promote local innovation. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 10: 143-150. ##Weltzien, E. and A. Christinck, 2017. Participatory breeding: developing improved and relevant crop varieties with farmers. Agric. Sys. 259-301.##Witcombe, J., S. Gyawali, S. Sunwar, B. Sthapit and K. Joshi. 2006. Participatory plant breeding is better described as highly client-oriented plant breeding. II. Optional farmer collaboration in the segregating generations. Exp. Agric. 42: 79-90.##Witcombe, J. R., A. Joshi, K. D. Joshi and B. Sthapit. 1996. Farmer participatory crop improvement. I. Varietal selection and breeding methods and their impact on biodiversity. Exp. Agric. 32: 445-460.##



XML   English Abstract   Print



بازنشر اطلاعات
Creative Commons License این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است.
دوره 22، شماره 2 - ( تابستان 1399 ) برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها